1 Samson went down to Timnah, and saw a woman in Timnah of the daughters of the Philistines.
2 He came up, and told his father and his mother, saying, “I have seen a woman in Timnah of the daughters of the Philistines. Now therefore get her for me as my wife.”
3 Then his father and his mother said to him, “Isn’t there a woman among your brothers’ daughters, or among all my people, that you go to take a wife of the uncircumcised Philistines ?” Samson said to his father, “Get her for me, for she pleases me well.”
4 But his father and his mother didn’t know that it was of Yahweh ; for he sought an occasion against the Philistines. Now at that time the Philistines ruled over Israel.
Note · Juges 14.1–4
Le désir de Samson n’est pas la seule voix du récit
Les parents contestent son choix ; Samson insiste ; le narrateur ajoute une perspective sur l’affrontement avec les Philistins. Il faut distinguer ces trois niveaux. Dire que Dieu agit dans une histoire ne suffit pas à faire des préférences du personnage une règle de choix conjugal ni à légitimer toute action qu’il entreprendra ensuite.
5 Then Samson went down to Timnah with his father and his mother, and came to the vineyards of Timnah ; and behold, a young lion roared at him.
6 Yahweh’s Spirit came mightily on him, and he tore him as he would have torn a young goat with his bare hands, but he didn’t tell his father or his mother what he had done.
7 He went down and talked with the woman, and she pleased Samson well.
8 After a while he returned to take her, and he went over to see the carcass of the lion ; and behold, there was a swarm of bees in the body of the lion, and honey.
9 He took it into his hands, and went on, eating as he went. He came to his father and mother and gave to them, and they ate, but he didn’t tell them that he had taken the honey out of the lion’s body.
Note · Juges 14.5–9
Le secret du lion prépare l’énigme et pose la question de la consécration
La force reçue de l’Esprit sauve Samson devant le lion, puis le miel trouvé dans son corps est partagé sans en dire l’origine. La proximité d’une carcasse fait entendre les questions de pureté des lois bibliques, notamment Lévitique 11. Le récit ne décrit toutefois pas un jugement divin explicite à cet endroit : il faut éviter d’en inventer un.
10 His father went down to the woman ; and Samson made a feast there, for the young men used to do so.
11 When they saw him, they brought thirty companions to be with him.
12 Samson said to them, “Let me tell you a riddle now. If you can tell me the answer within the seven days of the feast, and find it out, then I will give you thirty linen garments and thirty changes of clothing ;
13 but if you can’t tell me the answer, then you shall give me thirty linen garments and thirty changes of clothing.” They said to him, “Tell us your riddle, that we may hear it.”
14 He said to them, “Out of the eater came out food. Out of the strong came out sweetness.” They couldn’t in three days declare the riddle.
15 On the seventh day, they said to Samson’s wife, “Entice your husband, that he may declare to us the riddle, lest we burn you and your father’s house with fire. Have you called us to impoverish us ? Isn’t that so ?”
16 Samson’s wife wept before him, and said, “You just hate me, and don’t love me. You’ve told a riddle to the children of my people, and haven’t told it to me.” He said to her, “Behold, I haven’t told my father or my mother, so why should I tell you ?”
17 She wept before him the seven days, while their feast lasted ; and on the seventh day, he told her, because she pressed him severely ; and she told the riddle to the children of her people.
18 The men of the city said to him on the seventh day before the sun went down, “What is sweeter than honey ? What is stronger than a lion ?” He said to them, “If you hadn’t plowed with my heifer, you wouldn’t have found out my riddle.”
Note · Juges 14.10–18
La femme agit sous une menace que le lecteur connaît
Les compagnons promettent de la brûler avec la maison de son père s’ils ne trouvent pas la solution. Ses demandes pressantes ne doivent donc pas être résumées comme une ruse féminine sans contexte. L’énigme lie l’honneur et les biens à une information inaccessible, puis fait payer à cette femme le conflit entre les hommes.
19 Yahweh’s Spirit came mightily on him, and he went down to Ashkelon and struck thirty men of them. He took their plunder, then gave the changes of clothing to those who declared the riddle. His anger burned, and he went up to his father’s house.
20 But Samson’s wife was given to his companion, who had been his friend.
Note · Juges 14.19–20
La force reçue n’efface pas les morts employés pour payer le pari
Le narrateur mentionne à nouveau l’Esprit, mais raconte aussi la colère de Samson, la mort des trente hommes et la rupture de la noce. Aucun tort personnel de ces hommes n’est détaillé pour justifier leur utilisation comme source de vêtements. La femme est ensuite donnée à un autre sans que sa propre décision soit racontée.