1 And the men of Ephraim were gathered together, and passed northward ; and they said unto Jephthah, Wherefore passedst thou over to fight against the children of Ammon, and didst not call us to go with thee ? we will burn thy house upon thee with fire.
2 And Jephthah said unto them, I and my people were at great strife with the children of Ammon ; and when I called you, ye saved me not out of their hand.
3 And when I saw that ye saved me not, I put my life in my hand, and passed over against the children of Ammon, and Jehovah delivered them into my hand : wherefore then are ye come up unto me this day, to fight against me ?
4 Then Jephthah gathered together all the men of Gilead, and fought with Ephraim ; and the men of Gilead smote Ephraim, because they said, Ye are fugitives of Ephraim, ye Gileadites, in the midst of Ephraim, and in the midst of Manasseh.
Note · Juges 12.1–4
Les menaces et le mépris font basculer le désaccord
Éphraïm menace d’incendier la maison de Jephté ; celui-ci répond par son récit de l’appel au secours et de la victoire. L’insulte visant les Galaadites contribue à la rupture. Ni l’expérience d’une délivrance ni le sentiment d’avoir été injustement traité ne garantissent ici une réponse capable d’arrêter l’escalade.
5 And the Gileadites took the fords of the Jordan against the Ephraimites. And it was so, that, when any of the fugitives of Ephraim said, Let me go over, the men of Gilead said unto him, Art thou an Ephraimite ? If he said, Nay ;
6 then said they unto him, Say now Shibboleth ; and he said Sibboleth ; for he could not frame to pronounce it right : then they laid hold on him, and slew him at the fords of the Jordan. And there fell at that time of Ephraim forty and two thousand.
7 And Jephthah judged Israel six years. Then died Jephthah the Gileadite, and was buried in one of the cities of Gilead.
Note · Juges 12.5–7
Un accent devient un instrument de sélection meurtrière
Le mot schibboleth distingue ceux qui ne peuvent le prononcer comme les gardes l’exigent. Le narrateur rapporte un nombre considérable de morts, puis la fin de Jephté. La scène ne célèbre pas une fidélité doctrinale : elle montre une identification tribale exploitée pour égorger des fugitifs. Aucune différence de langage ne rend une personne moins digne de vivre.
8 And after him Ibzan of Beth-lehem judged Israel.
9 And he had thirty sons ; and thirty daughters he sent abroad, and thirty daughters he brought in from abroad for his sons. And he judged Israel seven years.
10 And Ibzan died, and was buried at Beth-lehem.
11 And after him Elon the Zebulunite judged Israel ; and he judged Israel ten years.
12 And Elon the Zebulunite died, and was buried in Aijalon in the land of Zebulun.
13 And after him Abdon the son of Hillel the Pirathonite judged Israel.
14 And he had forty sons and thirty sons’ sons, that rode on threescore and ten ass colts : and he judged Israel eight years.
15 And Abdon the son of Hillel the Pirathonite died, and was buried in Pirathon in the land of Ephraim, in the hill-country of the Amalekites.
Note · Juges 12.8–15
Les responsables suivants ne sont pas tous connus par des guerres
Ibtsan, Élôn et Abdôn sont présentés par quelques repères de durée, de famille et de sépulture. Les alliances matrimoniales et les montures disent une influence sociale, sans en raconter tous les usages. Ces notices interdisent de réduire tout le temps des juges à une succession continue d’exploits individuels également détaillés.