1 And it came to pass in the days of Amraphel king of Shinar, Arioch king of Ellasar, Chedorlaomer king of Elam, and Tidal king of Goiim,
2 that they made war with Bera king of Sodom, and with Birsha king of Gomorrah, Shinab king of Admah, and Shemeber king of Zeboiim, and the king of Bela (the same is Zoar).
3 All these joined together in the vale of Siddim (the same is the Salt Sea).
4 Twelve years they served Chedorlaomer, and in the thirteenth year they rebelled.
5 And in the fourteenth year came Chedorlaomer, and the kings that were with him, and smote the Rephaim in Ashteroth-karnaim, and the Zuzim in Ham, and the Emim in Shaveh-kiriathaim,
6 and the Horites in their mount Seir, unto El-paran, which is by the wilderness.
7 And they returned, and came to En-mishpat (the same is Kadesh), and smote all the country of the Amalekites, and also the Amorites, that dwelt in Hazazon-tamar.
8 And there went out the king of Sodom, and the king of Gomorrah, and the king of Admah, and the king of Zeboiim, and the king of Bela (the same is Zoar) ; and they set the battle in array against them in the vale of Siddim ;
9 against Chedorlaomer king of Elam, and Tidal king of Goiim, and Amraphel king of Shinar, and Arioch king of Ellasar ; four kings against the five.
10 Now the vale of Siddim was full of slime pits ; and the kings of Sodom and Gomorrah fled, and they fell there, and they that remained fled to the mountain.
11 And they took all the goods of Sodom and Gomorrah, and all their victuals, and went their way.
12 And they took Lot, Abram’s brother’s son, who dwelt in Sodom, and his goods, and departed.
Note · Genèse 14.1–12
La guerre atteint ceux qui ne la dirigent pas
La succession des noms et des campagnes peut être difficile à suivre. Son enjeu narratif devient clair avec la capture de Lot et de ses biens. Le conflit des puissants a des conséquences sur des maisons particulières. Lot est concerné parce qu’il demeure dans la zone touchée, non parce que le texte le déclare responsable de la guerre.
13 And there came one that had escaped, and told Abram the Hebrew : now he dwelt by the oaks of Mamre, the Amorite, brother of Eshcol, and brother of Aner ; and these were confederate with Abram.
14 And when Abram heard that his brother was taken captive, he led forth his trained men, born in his house, three hundred and eighteen, and pursued as far as Dan.
15 And he divided himself against them by night, he and his servants, and smote them, and pursued them unto Hobah, which is on the left hand of Damascus.
16 And he brought back all the goods, and also brought back his brother Lot, and his goods, and the women also, and the people.
Note · Genèse 14.13–16
Une intervention pour libérer
Abram agit après avoir appris la capture de son proche. Ses serviteurs et ses alliés participent à la délivrance. Le passage raconte une intervention située ; il ne suffit pas à établir une autorisation générale de guerre au nom de la foi ou de la parenté.
17 And the king of Sodom went out to meet him, after his return from the slaughter of Chedorlaomer and the kings that were with him, at the vale of Shaveh (the same is the King’s Vale).
18 And Melchizedek king of Salem brought forth bread and wine : and he was priest of God Most High.
19 And he blessed him, and said, Blessed be Abram of God Most High, possessor of heaven and earth :
20 and blessed be God Most High, who hath delivered thine enemies into thy hand. And he gave him a tenth of all.
Note · Genèse 14.17–20
Une bénédiction reçue d’un autre
Melchisédek est présenté comme roi et prêtre. Le récit ne donne ni son origine familiale ni une identité secrète. La lecture chrétienne d’Hébreux 7 utilise précisément certains silences du récit pour éclairer le sacerdoce du Christ ; elle ne doit pas être confondue avec des précisions biographiques présentes dans la Genèse.
21 And the king of Sodom said unto Abram, Give me the persons, and take the goods to thyself.
22 And Abram said to the king of Sodom, I have lifted up my hand unto Jehovah, God Most High, possessor of heaven and earth,
23 that I will not take a thread nor a shoe-latchet nor aught that is thine, lest thou shouldest say, I have made Abram rich :
24 save only that which the young men have eaten, and the portion of the men that went with me, Aner, Eshcol, and Mamre ; let them take their portion.
Note · Genèse 14.21–24
Refuser pour soi sans disposer de la part d’autrui
Abram refuse que le roi de Sodome puisse s’attribuer l’origine de sa richesse. Il distingue cependant son choix de la part de ses alliés et des besoins déjà engagés. Une conviction personnelle ne lui donne pas le droit d’effacer les intérêts de ceux qui ont participé à l’action.
