1 And the man knew Eve his wife, and she conceiveth and beareth Cain, and saith, 'I have gotten a man by Jehovah ;'
2 and she addeth to bear his brother, even Abel. And Abel is feeding a flock, and Cain hath been servant of the ground.
3 And it cometh to pass at the end of days that Cain bringeth from the fruit of the ground a present to Jehovah ;
4 and Abel, he hath brought, he also, from the female firstlings of his flock, even from their fat ones ; and Jehovah looketh unto Abel and unto his present,
5 and unto Cain and unto his present He hath not looked ; and it is very displeasing to Cain, and his countenance is fallen.
6 And Jehovah saith unto Cain, 'Why hast thou displeasure ? and why hath thy countenance fallen ?
7 Is there not, if thou dost well, acceptance ? and if thou dost not well, at the opening a sin-offering is crouching, and unto thee its desire, and thou rulest over it.'
Note · Genèse 4.1–7
Un refus dont le motif n’est pas entièrement expliqué
Le texte distingue l’accueil réservé aux deux offrandes sans détailler toutes les raisons de cette différence. Il serait imprudent d’inventer une règle selon laquelle Dieu n’accepterait que les sacrifices animaux. L’avertissement donné à Caïn porte sur sa réponse à la frustration et sur le mal qui le menace.
8 And Cain saith unto Abel his brother, ['Let us go into the field ;'] and it cometh to pass in their being in the field, that Cain riseth up against Abel his brother, and slayeth him.
9 And Jehovah saith unto Cain, 'Where [is] Abel thy brother ?' and he saith, 'I have not known ; my brother's keeper — I ?'
10 And He saith, 'What hast thou done ? the voice of thy brother's blood is crying unto Me from the ground ;
11 and now, cursed [art] thou from the ground, which hath opened her mouth to receive the blood of thy brother from thy hand ;
12 when thou tillest the ground, it doth not add to give its strength to thee — a wanderer, even a trembling one, thou art in the earth.'
13 And Cain saith unto Jehovah, 'Greater is my punishment than to be borne ;
14 lo, Thou hast driven me to-day from off the face of the ground, and from Thy face I am hid ; and I have been a wanderer, even a trembling one, in the earth, and it hath been — every one finding me doth slay me.'
15 And Jehovah saith to him, 'Therefore — of any slayer of Cain sevenfold it is required ;' and Jehovah setteth to Cain a token that none finding him doth slay him.
16 And Cain goeth out from before Jehovah, and dwelleth in the land, moving about east of Eden ;
Note · Genèse 4.8–16
Le frère dont on doit répondre
Dieu interroge Caïn sur Abel et donne une voix au sang versé. La responsabilité fraternelle ne disparaît pas lorsqu’on prétend l’ignorer. Le signe protecteur accordé à Caïn n’approuve pas son crime ; il empêche que le jugement soit livré à une vengeance sans limite.
17 and Cain knoweth his wife, and she conceiveth, and beareth Enoch ; and he is building a city, and he calleth the name of the city, according to the name of his son — Enoch.
18 And born to Enoch is Irad ; and Irad hath begotten Mehujael ; and Mehujael hath begotten Methusael ; and Methusael hath begotten Lamech.
19 And Lamech taketh to himself two wives, the name of the one Adah, and the name of the second Zillah.
20 And Adah beareth Jabal, he hath been father of those inhabiting tents and purchased possessions ;
21 and the name of his brother [is] Jubal, he hath been father of every one handling harp and organ.
22 And Zillah she also bare Tubal-Cain, an instructor of every artificer in brass and iron ; and a sister of Tubal-Cain [is] Naamah.
23 And Lamech saith to his wives : — 'Adah and Zillah, hear my voice ; Wives of Lamech, give ear [to] my saying : For a man I have slain for my wound, Even a young man for my hurt ;
24 For sevenfold is required for Cain, And for Lamech seventy and sevenfold.'
Note · Genèse 4.17–24
Créativité et violence peuvent coexister
Les activités de la ville, de l’élevage, de la musique et du travail des métaux apparaissent dans la même histoire que la vantardise meurtrière de Lémec. Le progrès des techniques ne garantit pas celui des relations. Le chant de vengeance n’est pas proposé comme une parole à imiter.
25 And Adam again knoweth his wife, and she beareth a son, and calleth his name Seth, 'for God hath appointed for me another seed instead of Abel :' for Cain had slain him.
26 And to Seth, to him also a son hath been born, and he calleth his name Enos ; then a beginning was made of preaching in the name of Jehovah.
Note · Genèse 4.25–26
Une naissance qui ne supprime pas la perte
La naissance de Seth ouvre un avenir après la mort d’Abel. Elle n’annule ni le meurtre ni la singularité du disparu. La mention de l’invocation du Seigneur donne à cette histoire douloureuse un horizon de relation, au-delà de la seule transmission de la violence.