Exode 32

¹ Now when the people saw that Moses was delayed in coming down from the mountain, they gathered around Aaron and said, “Come, make us gods who will go before us. As for this Moses who brought us up out of the land of Egypt, we do not know what has happened to him!”

² So Aaron told them, “Take off the gold earrings that are on your wives and sons and daughters, and bring them to me.”

³ Then all the people took off their gold earrings and brought them to Aaron.

⁴ He took the gold from their hands, and with an engraving tool he fashioned it into a molten calf. And they said, “These, O Israel, are your gods, who brought you up out of the land of Egypt!”

⁵ When Aaron saw this, he built an altar before the calf and proclaimed: “Tomorrow shall be a feast to the LORD.”

⁶ So the next day they arose, offered burnt offerings, and presented peace offerings. And the people sat down to eat and drink and got up to indulge in revelry.

Note · Exode 32.1–6

Le don peut servir un projet contraire à l’alliance

L’or est rassemblé pour une figure visible et une fête est annoncée au nom du Seigneur. Le problème concerne donc aussi la manière de représenter et de servir le Dieu de la délivrance. Une intention religieuse ou un vocabulaire pieux ne suffisent pas à rendre tout culte fidèle.

⁷ Then the LORD said to Moses, “Go down at once, for your people, whom you brought up out of the land of Egypt, have corrupted themselves.

⁸ How quickly they have turned aside from the way that I commanded them! They have made for themselves a molten calf and have bowed down to it. They have sacrificed to it and said, ‘These, O Israel, are your gods, who brought you up out of the land of Egypt.’”

⁹ The LORD also said to Moses, “I have seen this people, and they are indeed a stiff-necked people.

¹⁰ Now leave Me alone, so that My anger may burn against them and consume them. Then I will make you into a great nation.”

¹¹ But Moses sought the favor of the LORD his God, saying, “O LORD, why does Your anger burn against Your people, whom You brought out of the land of Egypt with great power and a mighty hand?

¹² Why should the Egyptians declare, ‘He brought them out with evil intent, to kill them in the mountains and wipe them from the face of the earth’? Turn from Your fierce anger and relent from doing harm to Your people.

¹³ Remember Your servants Abraham, Isaac, and Israel, to whom You swore by Your very self when You declared, ‘I will make your descendants as numerous as the stars in the sky, and I will give your descendants all this land that I have promised, and it shall be their inheritance forever.’”

¹⁴ So the LORD relented from the calamity He had threatened to bring on His people.

Note · Exode 32.7–14

L’intercession se réclame de la fidélité de Dieu

Moïse invoque la délivrance, le nom de Dieu parmi les nations et la promesse aux patriarches. Il ne se présente pas comme plus généreux que Dieu par nature. Le récit donne une portée réelle au dialogue et à la supplication, sans transformer la prière en pouvoir de commande sur la décision divine.

¹⁵ Then Moses turned and went down the mountain with the two tablets of the Testimony in his hands. They were inscribed on both sides, front and back.

¹⁶ The tablets were the work of God, and the writing was the writing of God, engraved on the tablets.

¹⁷ When Joshua heard the sound of the people shouting, he said to Moses, “The sound of war is in the camp.”

¹⁸ But Moses replied: “It is neither the cry of victory nor the cry of defeat; I hear the sound of singing!”

¹⁹ As Moses approached the camp and saw the calf and the dancing, he burned with anger and threw the tablets out of his hands, shattering them at the base of the mountain.

²⁰ Then he took the calf they had made, burned it in the fire, ground it to powder, and scattered the powder over the face of the water. Then he forced the Israelites to drink it.

²¹ “What did this people do to you,” Moses asked Aaron, “that you have led them into so great a sin?”

²² “Do not be enraged, my lord,” Aaron replied. “You yourself know that the people are intent on evil.

²³ They told me, ‘Make us gods who will go before us. As for this Moses who brought us up out of the land of Egypt, we do not know what has happened to him!’

²⁴ So I said to them, ‘Whoever has gold, let him take it off,’ and they gave it to me. And when I threw it into the fire, out came this calf!”

Note · Exode 32.15–24

Les tables brisées rendent visible la rupture

Moïse réagit à ce qu’il voit, puis interroge Aaron. Celui-ci minimise son rôle en racontant la fabrication comme si le veau était apparu de lui-même. Le lecteur connaît pourtant son intervention. Le récit distingue ainsi l’explication donnée pour se défendre des actes effectivement racontés.

²⁵ Moses saw that the people were out of control, for Aaron had let them run wild and become a laughingstock to their enemies.

²⁶ So Moses stood at the entrance to the camp and said, “Whoever is for the LORD, come to me.” And all the Levites gathered around him.

²⁷ He told them, “This is what the LORD, the God of Israel, says: ‘Each of you men is to fasten his sword to his side, go back and forth through the camp from gate to gate, and slay his brother, his friend, and his neighbor.’”

²⁸ The Levites did as Moses commanded, and that day about three thousand of the people fell dead.

²⁹ Afterward, Moses said, “Today you have been ordained for service to the LORD, since each man went against his son and his brother; so the LORD has bestowed a blessing on you this day.”

Note · Exode 32.25–29

Un jugement violent qui n’est pas un modèle à reproduire

Les Lévites exécutent un ordre qui atteint des membres de leur propre peuple. Le texte rapporte cette violence dans le cadre d’une rupture d’alliance majeure. Cette scène pose une difficulté réelle ; elle n’autorise aucun responsable religieux à purifier sa communauté par la force ni à faire de ses proches des victimes de son zèle.

³⁰ The next day Moses said to the people, “You have committed a great sin. Now I will go up to the LORD; perhaps I can make atonement for your sin.”

³¹ So Moses returned to the LORD and said, “Oh, what a great sin these people have committed! They have made gods of gold for themselves.

³² Yet now, if You would only forgive their sin.... But if not, please blot me out of the book that You have written.”

³³ The LORD replied to Moses, “Whoever has sinned against Me, I will blot out of My book.

³⁴ Now go, lead the people to the place I described. Behold, My angel shall go before you. But on the day I settle accounts, I will punish them for their sin.”

³⁵ And the LORD sent a plague on the people because of what they had done with the calf that Aaron had made.

Note · Exode 32.30–35

La solidarité ne supprime pas la responsabilité

Moïse va jusqu’à engager sa propre place dans sa demande de pardon. La réponse distingue la responsabilité de celui qui a péché et maintient la conduite du peuple. Le récit associe intercession et jugement, plutôt qu’il ne promet l’effacement instantané de toutes les conséquences d’une rupture collective.