Exode 13

¹ Then the LORD said to Moses,

² “Consecrate to Me every firstborn male. The firstborn from every womb among the Israelites belongs to Me, both of man and beast.”

³ So Moses told the people, “Remember this day, the day you came out of Egypt, out of the house of slavery; for the LORD brought you out of it by the strength of His hand. And nothing leavened shall be eaten.

⁴ Today, in the month of Abib, you are leaving.

⁵ And when the LORD brings you into the land of the Canaanites, Hittites, Amorites, Hivites, and Jebusites—the land He swore to your fathers that He would give you, a land flowing with milk and honey—you shall keep this service in this month.

⁶ For seven days you are to eat unleavened bread, and on the seventh day there shall be a feast to the LORD.

⁷ Unleavened bread shall be eaten during those seven days. Nothing leavened may be found among you, nor shall leaven be found anywhere within your borders.

⁸ And on that day you are to explain to your son, ‘This is because of what the LORD did for me when I came out of Egypt.’

⁹ It shall be a sign for you on your hand and a reminder on your forehead that the Law of the LORD is to be on your lips. For with a mighty hand the LORD brought you out of Egypt.

¹⁰ Therefore you shall keep this statute at the appointed time year after year.

Note · Exode 13.1–10

Expliquer ce que les gestes rappellent

Les pains sans levain et les signes sur la main et devant les yeux relient mémoire, parole et conduite. Le récit donne au parent une responsabilité d’explication. Il ne suffit pas d’imposer une observance sans transmettre ce qui, dans la délivrance, lui donne sa signification.

¹¹ And after the LORD brings you into the land of the Canaanites and gives it to you, as He swore to you and your fathers,

¹² you are to present to the LORD the firstborn male of every womb. All the firstborn males of your livestock belong to the LORD.

¹³ You must redeem every firstborn donkey with a lamb, and if you do not redeem it, you are to break its neck. And every firstborn of your sons you must redeem.

¹⁴ In the future, when your son asks you, ‘What does this mean?’ you are to tell him, ‘With a mighty hand the LORD brought us out of Egypt, out of the house of slavery.

¹⁵ And when Pharaoh stubbornly refused to let us go, the LORD killed every firstborn in the land of Egypt, both of man and beast. This is why I sacrifice to the LORD the firstborn male of every womb, but I redeem all the firstborn of my sons.’

¹⁶ So it shall serve as a sign on your hand and a symbol on your forehead, for with a mighty hand the LORD brought us out of Egypt.”

Note · Exode 13.11–16

Le premier-né humain est racheté

La consécration des premiers-nés est expliquée par la nuit de la sortie. Le passage prescrit le rachat des fils et non leur mise à mort sacrificielle. Cette distinction doit être maintenue lorsque l’on parle du don de la vie à Dieu ou de la portée d’une appartenance religieuse.

¹⁷ When Pharaoh let the people go, God did not lead them along the road through the land of the Philistines, though it was shorter. For God said, “If the people face war, they might change their minds and return to Egypt.”

¹⁸ So God led the people around by the way of the wilderness toward the Red Sea. And the Israelites left the land of Egypt arrayed for battle.

¹⁹ Moses took the bones of Joseph with him because Joseph had made the sons of Israel swear a solemn oath when he said, “God will surely attend to you, and then you must carry my bones with you from this place.”

²⁰ They set out from Succoth and camped at Etham on the edge of the wilderness.

²¹ And the LORD went before them in a pillar of cloud to guide their way by day, and in a pillar of fire to give them light by night, so that they could travel by day or night.

²² Neither the pillar of cloud by day nor the pillar of fire by night left its place before the people.

Note · Exode 13.17–22

Un détour qui n’est pas nécessairement un abandon

Le risque d’un retour devant la guerre motive le choix d’un autre chemin. Les os de Joseph rappellent que le départ accomplit aussi une attente ancienne. La conduite par la nuée et le feu est ici donnée au peuple ; elle ne permet pas d’attribuer avec certitude un sens divin à chaque détour de nos propres vies.