Lévitique 22

¹ The Lord spoke to Moses:

² “Tell Aaron and his sons to deal respectfully with the holy offerings of the Israelites that they have consecrated to me, so they do not profane my holy name; I am the Lord.

³ Say to them: If any man from any of your descendants throughout your generations is in a state of uncleanness yet approaches the holy offerings that the Israelites consecrate to the Lord, that person will be cut off from my presence; I am the Lord.

⁴ No man of Aaron’s descendants who has a skin disease or a discharge is to eat from the holy offerings until he is clean. Whoever touches anything made unclean by a dead person or by a man who has an emission of semen,

⁵ or whoever touches any swarming creature that makes him unclean or any person who makes him unclean — whatever his uncleanness —

⁶ the man who touches any of these will remain unclean until evening and is not to eat from the holy offerings unless he has bathed his body with water.

⁷ When the sun has set, he will become clean, and then he may eat from the holy offerings, for that is his food.

⁸ He must not eat an animal that died naturally or was mauled by wild beasts, making himself unclean by it; I am the Lord.

⁹ They must keep my instruction, or they will be guilty and die because they profane it; I am the Lord who sets them apart.

Note · Lévitique 22.1–9

Le statut ne dispense pas d’attendre

Un prêtre en état d’impureté doit s’abstenir puis peut retrouver l’accès selon les conditions prévues. La charge ne lui permet pas d’abolir la distinction pour lui-même. Le temps et le lavage donnent une issue à certains états sans qu’il soit nécessaire d’en faire une condamnation définitive de la personne.

¹⁰ “No one outside a priest’s family is to eat the holy offering. A foreigner staying with a priest or a hired worker is not to eat the holy offering.

¹¹ But if a priest purchases someone with his own silver, that person may eat it, and those born in his house may eat his food.

¹² If the priest’s daughter is married to a man outside a priest’s family, she is not to eat from the holy contributions.

¹³ But if the priest’s daughter becomes widowed or divorced, has no children, and returns to her father’s house as in her youth, she may share her father’s food. But no outsider may share it.

¹⁴ If anyone eats a holy offering in error, he is to add a fifth to its value and give the holy offering to the priest.

¹⁵ The priests must not profane the holy offerings the Israelites give to the Lord

¹⁶ by letting the people eat their holy offerings and having them bear the penalty of restitution. For I am the Lord who sets them apart.”

Note · Lévitique 22.10–16

Une maison ancienne aux appartenances inégales

La participation aux aliments dépend des liens à la maison sacerdotale et peut changer avec le veuvage ou le retour. L’esclave acheté y est aussi inclus. Cette subsistance reconnue ne rend pas l’esclavage juste et ne transforme pas les personnes de la maison en propriétés légitimes du prêtre.

¹⁷ The Lord spoke to Moses:

¹⁸ “Speak to Aaron, his sons, and all the Israelites and tell them: Any man of the house of Israel or of the resident aliens in Israel who presents his offering — whether they present payment of vows or freewill gifts to the Lord as burnt offerings —

¹⁹ must offer an unblemished male from the cattle, sheep, or goats in order for you to be accepted.

²⁰ You are not to present anything that has a defect, because it will not be accepted on your behalf.

²¹ “When a man presents a fellowship sacrifice to the Lord to fulfill a vow or as a freewill offering from the herd or flock, it has to be unblemished to be acceptable; there must be no defect in it.

²² You are not to present any animal to the Lord that is blind, injured, maimed, or has a running sore, festering rash, or scabs; you may not put any of them on the altar as a fire offering to the Lord.

²³ You may sacrifice as a freewill offering any animal from the herd or flock that has an elongated or stunted limb, but it is not acceptable as a vow offering.

²⁴ You are not to present to the Lord anything that has bruised, crushed, torn, or severed testicles; you must not sacrifice them in your land.

²⁵ Neither you nor a foreigner are to present food to your God from any of these animals. They will not be accepted for you because they are deformed and have a defect.”

Note · Lévitique 22.17–25

Ne pas offrir n’importe quoi sous prétexte de générosité

La conformité des victimes est détaillée avec des distinctions selon les offrandes. L’exigence de qualité ne doit pas être transférée aux humains comme si Dieu n’accueillait que les personnes dont le corps paraît intact. La fonction rituelle de l’animal ne constitue pas une mesure de la dignité humaine.

²⁶ The Lord spoke to Moses:

²⁷ “When an ox, sheep, or goat is born, it is to remain with its mother for seven days; from the eighth day on, it will be acceptable as an offering, a fire offering to the Lord.

²⁸ But you are not to slaughter an animal from the herd or flock on the same day as its young.

²⁹ When you sacrifice a thank offering to the Lord, sacrifice it so that you may be accepted.

³⁰ It is to be eaten on the same day. Do not let any of it remain until morning; I am the Lord.

³¹ “You are to keep my commands and do them; I am the Lord.

³² You must not profane my holy name; I must be treated as holy among the Israelites. I am the Lord who sets you apart,

³³ the one who brought you out of the land of Egypt to be your God; I am the Lord.”

Note · Lévitique 22.26–33

La reconnaissance inclut une retenue

Le petit reste d’abord avec sa mère et leur abattage le même jour est interdit. La reconnaissance ne dispense pas de limites dans l’usage du vivant. La conclusion rattache le service au nom de Dieu et à la délivrance d’Égypte, plutôt qu’à l’arbitraire du donateur.