Exode 20

¹ Then God spoke all these words:

² I am the Lord your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the place of slavery.

³ Do not have other gods besides me.

⁴ Do not make an idol for yourself, whether in the shape of anything in the heavens above or on the earth below or in the waters under the earth.

⁵ Do not bow in worship to them, and do not serve them; for I, the Lord your God, am a jealous God, punishing the children for the fathers’ iniquity, to the third and fourth generations of those who hate me,

⁶ but showing faithful love to a thousand generations of those who love me and keep my commands.

⁷ Do not misuse the name of the Lord your God, because the Lord will not leave anyone unpunished who misuses his name.

Note · Exode 20.1–7

L’adoration ne se partage pas avec une idole

L’interdit des images est lié à celui de se prosterner et de servir. Les chrétiens débattent de son application aux représentations religieuses ; tous doivent prendre au sérieux le refus de substituer à Dieu un objet maîtrisé. La mention des générations demande aussi de lire l’ampleur de la fidélité divine, sans imputer mécaniquement une faute ancestrale à chaque malheur.

⁸ Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy:

⁹ You are to labor six days and do all your work,

¹⁰ but the seventh day is a Sabbath to the Lord your God. You must not do any work — you, your son or daughter, your male or female servant, your livestock, or the resident alien who is within your city gates.

¹¹ For the Lord made the heavens and the earth, the sea, and everything in them in six days; then he rested on the seventh day. Therefore the Lord blessed the Sabbath day and declared it holy.

Note · Exode 20.8–11

Le repos concerne aussi ceux qui servent

Le sabbat s’étend aux enfants, aux serviteurs, à l’étranger et aux animaux. Le repos du responsable ne doit pas être acheté par le travail ininterrompu des autres. L’appel renvoie ici à la création : la limite de l’activité appartient au bien de la vie, pas seulement à une baisse de productivité.

¹² Honor your father and your mother so that you may have a long life in the land that the Lord your God is giving you.

¹³ Do not murder.

¹⁴ Do not commit adultery.

¹⁵ Do not steal.

¹⁶ Do not give false testimony against your neighbor.

¹⁷ Do not covet your neighbor’s house. Do not covet your neighbor’s wife, his male or female servant, his ox or donkey, or anything that belongs to your neighbor.

Note · Exode 20.12–17

Le prochain ne doit pas être traité comme une ressource

La vie, le lien conjugal, les biens, la parole judiciaire et le désir du bien d’autrui sont protégés. L’honneur aux parents n’efface pas la responsabilité envers les personnes vulnérables. Les interdits ne peuvent pas non plus être utilisés pour empêcher une victime de dire une violence réellement subie.

¹⁸ All the people witnessed the thunder and lightning, the sound of the trumpet, and the mountain surrounded by smoke. When the people saw it they trembled and stood at a distance.

¹⁹ “You speak to us, and we will listen,” they said to Moses, “but don’t let God speak to us, or we will die.”

²⁰ Moses responded to the people, “Don’t be afraid, for God has come to test you, so that you will fear him and will not sin.”

²¹ And the people remained standing at a distance as Moses approached the total darkness where God was.

²² Then the Lord told Moses, “This is what you are to say to the Israelites: You have seen that I have spoken to you from heaven.

²³ Do not make gods of silver to rival me; do not make gods of gold for yourselves.

²⁴ “Make an earthen altar for me, and sacrifice on it your burnt offerings and fellowship offerings, your flocks and herds. I will come to you and bless you in every place where I cause my name to be remembered.

²⁵ If you make a stone altar for me, do not build it out of cut stones. If you use your chisel on it, you will defile it.

²⁶ Do not go up to my altar on steps, so that your nakedness is not exposed on it.

Note · Exode 20.18–26

La crainte n’est pas la disparition de toute relation

Le peuple demande une médiation devant la manifestation divine. Les instructions sur l’autel prolongent le refus d’une représentation fabriquée pour posséder Dieu. La simplicité matérielle de certaines prescriptions n’autorise pas à mépriser les détails du sanctuaire qui seront donnés ensuite dans le même livre.